"hi, bob." "morning, kelly. the tulips looks great." have you ever wonderedhow your dog experiences the world? here's what she sees. not terribly interesting. but what she smells,that's a totally different story. and it begins at her wonderfully developed nose. as your dog catches the first hints of fresh air, her nose's moist, spongy outside helpscapture any scents the breeze carries.
the ability to smell separately with each nostril, smelling in stereo, helps to determine the direction of the smell's source so that within the first few moments of sniffing, the dog starts to become aware of notjust what kind of things are out there but also where they're located. as air enters the nose, a small fold of tissue divides it into two separate folds, one for breathing and one just for smelling.
this second airflow enters a region filled with highly specialized olfactory receptor cells, several hundred millions of them,compaired to our five million. and unlike our clumsy way of breathing in and out through the same passage, dogs exhale through slits at the side of their nose, creating swirls of air that helpdraw in new odor molecules and allow odor concentration to build upover mulitple sniffs. but all that impressive nasal architecturewouldn't be much help without something to process the loadsof information the nose scoops up.
and it turns out that the olfactory systemdedicated to proessing smells takes up many times more relativebrain area in dogs than in humans. all of this allows dogs to distinguish and remember a staggering variety of specific scents at concentrations up to 100 million timesless than what our noses can detect. if you can smell a spritz of perfumein a small room, a dog would have no trouble smelling itin an enclosed stadium and distinguishing its ingredients,to boot. and everything in the street,every passing person or car,
any contents of the neighbor's trash, each type of tree, and all the birds and insects in it has a distinct odor profile tellingyour dog what it is, where it is, and which direction it's moving in. besides being much more powerful than ours, a dog's sense of smell can pick up thingsthat can't even be seen at all. a whole separate olfactory system, called the vomeronasal organ,above the roof of the mouth,
detects the hormones all animals,including humans, naturally release. it lets dogs identify potential mates, or distinguish between friendly and hostile animals. it alerts them to our various emotional states, and it can even tell them when someone is pregnant or sick. because olfaction is more primal than other senses, bypassing the thalamus to connectdirectly to the brain structures involving emotion and instinct, we might even say a dog's perception is more immediate and visceral than ours.
but the most amazing thing about your dog's nose is that it can traverse time. the past appears in tracks left by passersby, and by the warmth of a recently parked car where the residue of where you've beenand what you've done recently. landmarks like fire hydrants and trees are aromatic bulletin boards carrying messages of who's been by, what they've been eating, and how they're feeling.
and the future is in the breeze, alerting them to something or someoneapproaching long before you see them. where we see and hear somethingat a single moment, a dog smells an entire storyfrom start to finish. in some of the best examplesof canine-human collaboration, dogs help us by sharingand reacting to those stories. they can respond with kindnessto people in distress, or with aggression to threats because stress and anger manifest as a cloud of hormones
recognizable to the dog's nose. with the proper training, they can even alert us to invisible threats ranging from bombs to cancer. as it turns out, humanity's best friend is not one who experiences the same things we do, but one whose incredible nose reveals a whole other world beyond our eyes.
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